Abbas Ali Ahangar; Mohammad Amir Mashhadi; Zeinab Teimoorirabor
Abstract
Van Leeuwen’s (2008) critical discourse analysis approach is one of the analytical approaches of text. It has two main components including exclusion and inclusion, each one having different sub-components. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the way the components of exclusion ...
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Van Leeuwen’s (2008) critical discourse analysis approach is one of the analytical approaches of text. It has two main components including exclusion and inclusion, each one having different sub-components. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the way the components of exclusion including suppression and backgrounding and some components of inclusion comprising impersonalization, categorization, personalization, passivation, generalization, and their subcomponents are manifested in representing social actors in “Bijan and Manijeh” story from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. In this regard, different types of sentences in this work were identified and counted. Then the usage frequency, percentage, and significance level of each component and the relevant sub-components were assessed via statistical analysis and Chi-square test. The research results show that the poet has used all sub-components of exclusion and the given components of inclusion under investigation in this story. Besides, Chi-square test results designate there is a comparatively significant relationship between the application frequencies of major intended components compared with each other and also their sub-components. The analysis of exclusion results reveals the poet does not have a tendency to secretly represent the social actors. Also, the results of the inclusion components under study demonstrate the poet has used positive appraisement and subjection sub-components and has tried to characterize the social actors more effectively with a positive value. Moreover, in most sentences, the social actors are represented by giving reference to their utterances, physical features, and using similes and metaphors.
Abbas Ali Ahangar; Mohammad Amir Mashhadi; Somayyeh Dahmardeh Behrooz
Abstract
The aim of the present study study is to describe and analyze the conceptual domains used in metaphors of Saadi’s Boostan based on conceptual blending theory as presented by Fauconnier and Turner (1998, 2002). This theory uses mental spaces to describe and analyze metaphors that are two input spaces: ...
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The aim of the present study study is to describe and analyze the conceptual domains used in metaphors of Saadi’s Boostan based on conceptual blending theory as presented by Fauconnier and Turner (1998, 2002). This theory uses mental spaces to describe and analyze metaphors that are two input spaces: a generic space and a blended space. In this research the mental spaces of each metaphor in Saadi’s Boostan are described to determine which conceptual domains are involved in the construction of mental spaces in each metaphor. Then, the significance or non-significance of using these conceptual domains are measured using X2 test in SPSS. The results show that the conceptual domains used in the metaphors of Saadi’s Boostan can be grouped into 13 groups: (1) personification, (2) journey for the life concept, (3) using orientation for positive and negative entities, (4) natural phenomena, (5) animals, (6) tastes, (7) agriculture (8) body organs, (9) being containment by non-containers, (10) things, (11) actions, (12) human characters, and (13) locations. When constructing metaphors, these conceptual domains are embedded in an input space and together with the other input space intended by the poet, are projected into a blended space and make a metaphor. The results show that all the metaphors of Saadi’s Boostan can be described and analyzed based on conceptual domains in constructing the mental spaces suggested in conceptual blending theory
